Batch Prefix Hub
OY52V Series Number Plates
UK vehicles registered in Oxford, South East during September 2002 to February 2003 with registration prefix OY52V.
- Area Office
- Oxford (Oxford, South East)
- Release Period
- September 2002 to February 2003
- Tracked in Batch
- 97 vehicles
- MOT Pass Rate
- 69.4%
69.4%
Average MOT Pass Rate
Based on 353 historical tests
Common Colors
Blue30 vehicles
Silver26 vehicles
Red12 vehicles
Active Plates in OY52V Series(97 of 97 displayed)
Filter by 6th Letter:
OY52VAD
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.9L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Aug 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VAE
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.9L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 09 Aug 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VAU
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.8L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 18 Dec 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VBB
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.9L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Sep 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VBF
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT
1.9L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Jan 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VBG
MOT Valid
SKODA SUPERB
1.9L · Diesel · Green
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 05 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
OY52VBL
MOT Valid
SKODA FABIA
1.9L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 05 Jul 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VBM
MOT Expired
SKODA FABIA
1.4L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Nov 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VBZ
MOT Valid
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 29 Jul 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VCT
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN SHARAN
1.9L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Dec 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 31 Oct 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VCU
SORNMOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT
2.5L · Diesel · Black
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 09 Dec 2015
- Tax Status
- SORN
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VCX
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT
2.5L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Dec 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 16 Jan 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VDK
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE
1.9L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 05 Nov 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VDM
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN CARAVELLE
2.5L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 17 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VDV
MOT Expired
AUDI A4
1.8L · Petrol · Grey
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 01 Jan 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
OY52VEM
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN CARAVELLE
1.9L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Aug 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VEW
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE
1.9L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 09 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VFK
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN LUPO
1.4L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 28 Aug 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VFN
MOT Expired
AUDI A4
2.5L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 28 Nov 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VFR
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.9L · Diesel · Black
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 30 Jul 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VFT
MOT Valid
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 12 Feb 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VFX
MOT Valid
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 19 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VFZ
MOT Expired
AUDI A3
1.8L · Petrol · Grey
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 03 Feb 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
OY52VGF
MOT Expired
AUDI A4
1.9L · Diesel · Grey
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 10 Sep 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
OY52VGO
MOT Expired
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Dec 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VGT
MOT Valid
AUDI A6
2.5L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 19 Sep 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VGV
MOT Valid
AUDI A3
1.8L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 28 May 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VHB
MOT Expired
AUDI A6
1.9L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Nov 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VHE
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER
2.5L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 29 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VHU
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.8L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 28 Feb 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VHV
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER
2.5L · Diesel · Green
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 04 Feb 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
OY52VJA
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.9L · Diesel · Grey
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 31 Jan 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
OY52VJC
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Apr 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VJD
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN BORA
1.9L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Apr 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VJN
MOT Expired
AUDI A4
1.9L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Jan 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VKA
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN LUPO
1.4L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Jan 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VKE
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE
2.3L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VKH
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.9L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 04 Sep 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VKT
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.9L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 24 Jan 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VKW
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 20 Nov 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VLD
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.6L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 17 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VLU
MOT Expired
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 18 Apr 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VMC
MOT Expired
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 24 Mar 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VMD
MOT Valid
AUDI A3
1.9L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 17 Jan 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VME
MOT Expired
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 19 Jan 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VMF
MOT Valid
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Green
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 20 Jan 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
OY52VMR
MOT Expired
AUDI TT
1.8L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 12 Oct 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VNB
MOT Expired
AUDI A6
2.5L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 06 Sep 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VNC
MOT Expired
AUDI A3
1.8L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 17 Nov 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VND
MOT Expired
AUDI A4
1.9L · Diesel · Grey
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 04 Nov 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
OY52VNK
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN LUPO
1.4L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 12 Dec 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VNL
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN LUPO
1.7L · Diesel · Black
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VNO
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO BASE 12V 1.2L 5 DOOR MANUAL HATCHBACK
1.2L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 29 Jul 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VNP
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE
2.3L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 03 Apr 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VNV
MOT Expired
AUDI A3
1.6L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 13 Oct 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VNW
MOT Expired
AUDI A3
1.8L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Nov 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 29 Mar 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VNZ
MOT Expired
AUDI A3
1.9L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 31 Oct 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VOK
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VOM
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 11 Sep 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VPU
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Green
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 08 Sep 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
OY52VRC
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 02 Aug 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VRJ
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 15 Mar 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VRM
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Grey
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Sep 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
OY52VRN
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Purple
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 06 Oct 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Purple
Check History & Specs
OY52VRO
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Grey
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 13 Sep 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
OY52VSN
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VSP
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 27 Oct 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VTC
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.0L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 18 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VTM
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 12 Apr 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VTP
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Jan 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VTW
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 03 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VTX
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 20 Sep 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VUE
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Grey
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 10 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
OY52VUP
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Purple
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Dec 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Purple
Check History & Specs
OY52VVE
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Sep 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VVK
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 06 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VVN
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 14 May 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VVS
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO E
1.2L · Other · SILVER
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Mar 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- SILVER
Check History & Specs
OY52VWC
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 18 Aug 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VWD
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 18 Jan 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VWM
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 10 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VWP
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 25 Mar 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VXB
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 11 Feb 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VXL
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 27 May 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VXU
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 24 Aug 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
OY52VXW
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Diesel · Maroon
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 13 Oct 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Maroon
Check History & Specs
OY52VYD
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VYE
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 14 Jan 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VYG
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Green
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 28 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
OY52VYN
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 28 May 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VYX
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 10 Sep 2022
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VZE
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VZF
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 13 Feb 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
OY52VZN
MOT Valid
SKODA FABIA
1.9L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 02 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VZP
MOT Valid
SKODA FABIA
1.9L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Dec 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 10 Jan 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
OY52VZW
MOT Expired
VOLKSWAGEN POLO
1.4L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 12 Dec 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
OY52VZZ
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.8L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Sep 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 30 Sep 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
Reliability & Common Problem Guides for OY52V Makes
Explore common mechanical faults, MOT advisory trends, and recall notices for popular vehicles in this registration batch:
Frequently Asked Questions about OY52V Plates
Where was the OY52V number plate series registered?
Vehicles starting with OY52V were assigned to the Oxford covering Oxford, South East. The first two letters (OY) identify the memory tag assigned by the DVLA.
What registration period is OY52V?
The OY52V age identifier corresponds to vehicles first registered between September 2002 to February 2003.
How can I check the MOT history of a OY52V vehicle?
Click any registration in the plate list above to view the complete DVSA inspection history, advisory alerts, mileage progression, road tax status, and our AI mechanical risk evaluation.