Batch Prefix Hub
WU57E Series Number Plates
UK vehicles registered in Bristol, South West during September 2007 to February 2008 with registration prefix WU57E.
- Area Office
- Bristol (Bristol, South West)
- Release Period
- September 2007 to February 2008
- Tracked in Batch
- 98 vehicles
- MOT Pass Rate
- 76.5%
76.5%
Average MOT Pass Rate
Based on 345 historical tests
Common Colors
Black28 vehicles
White20 vehicles
Silver16 vehicles
Active Plates in WU57E Series(98 of 98 displayed)
Filter by 6th Letter:
WU57EAA
MOT Valid
YAMAHA XV1700.WARRIOR
1.7L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 06 May 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EAE
MOT Valid
KIA RIO
1.5L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Dec 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 24 Sep 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EAG
UntaxedMOT Valid
YAMAHA XV1900
1.9L · PETROL · BLACK
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 09 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- Untaxed
- Color
- BLACK
Check History & Specs
WU57EAJ
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON FLSTNI
1.6L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Dec 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 15 Aug 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EAP
MOT Expired
HYUNDAI COUPE
1.6L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Oct 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EAW
MOT Expired
HONDA CR-V
2.0L · Petrol · Grey
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 05 Nov 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
WU57EBJ
MOT Expired
FIAT CROMA
1.9L · Diesel · Blue
- First Used
- Dec 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Jan 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
WU57EBK
MOT Valid
KTM SUPER DUKE 990
1.0L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Apr 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EEF
MOT Valid
PORSCHE CAYENNE
4.8L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Nov 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EEG
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON FXCWC
1.6L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Mar 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EEM
MOT Expired
SUBARU IMPREZA
2.0L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Nov 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 27 May 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EEO
MOT Valid
TOYOTA HIACE
2.0L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 16 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EEP
MOT Valid
TOYOTA REGIUSACE
2.0L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 16 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EES
MOT Expired
TOYOTA HIACE
2.5L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 01 Mar 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EET
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON FLSTSB
1.6L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EEV
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
3.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 05 Aug 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
WU57EEW
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 20 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EEX
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EEY
MOT Valid
OPEL MERIVA CLUB
1.4L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 18 Sep 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EEZ
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE
1.4L · Petrol · Beige
- First Used
- Jun 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 15 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Beige
Check History & Specs
WU57EFB
MOT Valid
HONDA JAZZ
1.3L · Petrol · Grey
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 20 Feb 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
WU57EFC
MOT Expired
HONDA CRF250
0.3L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Oct 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 16 Sep 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EFD
MOT Expired
CITROEN C3
1.4L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 12 Oct 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EFE
MOT Valid
DUCATI GT 1000
1.0L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Apr 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 29 Apr 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EFG
MOT Valid
HONDA CR-V
2.2L · Diesel · Black
- First Used
- Sep 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Apr 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EFH
MOT Valid
TOYOTA HIACE
2.0L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Nov 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 16 Jul 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EFJ
MOT Valid
TOYOTA HIACE
2.0L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Nov 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 17 Sep 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EFK
MOT Expired
PORSCHE 911
3.8L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 11 Oct 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EFL
MOT Valid
PORSCHE 911
3.6L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 30 Apr 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EFN
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Nov 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 26 Jan 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EFO
MOT Expired
NISSAN FAIRLADY
3.8L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 24 Oct 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EFP
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON EGLIDE
1.6L · Petrol · Gold
- First Used
- Nov 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 05 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Gold
Check History & Specs
WU57EFR
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON XL
1.2L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Apr 2024
- MOT Expiry
- 30 Apr 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EFZ
MOT Valid
BMW 3 SERIES
3.0L · Petrol · Green
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 20 Sep 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
WU57EGD
MOT Valid
HONDA ACTY
0.7L · Petrol · Green
- First Used
- Oct 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 13 May 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
WU57EGE
MOT Valid
NISSAN QASHQAI
2.0L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- May 2023
- MOT Expiry
- 18 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EGF
MOT Expired
FERRARI 612 SCAGLIETTI
5.7L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Jan 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 25 Mar 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EHE
MOT Valid
FORD CROWN VICTORIA
4.6L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Mar 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 16 Jan 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EHG
MOT Valid
FIAT 500
1.2L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 05 Jan 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EHH
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.9L · Diesel · Grey
- First Used
- Sep 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Oct 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
WU57EHK
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON FLSTFI
1.6L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 14 Jul 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EHL
MOT Expired
ARTIC CAT 700 DIESEL
0.7L · Diesel · Red
- First Used
- Dec 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 18 May 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EHM
MOT Expired
PIAGGIO PICK UP
0.4L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Dec 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 11 Aug 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EHN
MOT Valid
MERCEDES-BENZ S-Class
3.0L · Diesel · Black
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 29 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EJA
MOT Valid
NISSAN SERENA
2.0L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 18 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EJC
MOT Valid
NISSAN SERENA
2.0L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EKF
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON FXCWC
1.6L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Dec 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Apr 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EKG
MOT Valid
BMW X3
3.0L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Dec 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Aug 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EKV
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN TOURAN
1.4L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 01 May 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EKW
MOT Valid
NISSAN SERENA
2.0L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 03 Feb 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EKX
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Apr 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EKY
MOT Expired
LAMBRETTA FT151T-F
0.2L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Jul 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 04 Aug 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
WU57EKZ
MOT Valid
TOYOTA ESTIMA
2.4L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Sep 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 24 May 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57ELC
MOT Valid
BMW 116
1.6L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 25 Apr 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57ELH
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON FLSTN
1.6L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Mar 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 24 May 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57ELJ
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF
1.6L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 06 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57ELO
MOT Expired
YAMAHA VIRAGO
0.1L · Petrol · Maroon
- First Used
- Oct 2002
- MOT Expiry
- 16 Aug 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Maroon
Check History & Specs
WU57ELV
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN TOURAN
1.4L · Petrol · Grey
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 16 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
WU57ELW
MOT Valid
FORD F150
5.4L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Sep 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 27 Apr 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57ELX
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON FXCW
1.6L · Petrol · Maroon
- First Used
- Mar 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 25 Jun 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Maroon
Check History & Specs
WU57EMF
MOT Valid
HONDA CIVIC
2.0L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 15 Dec 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EMJ
MOT Valid
MAZDA 3
1.6L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Sep 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 02 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EMK
MOT Valid
TOYOTA ALPHARD
3.0L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 13 Apr 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EMV
MOT Valid
HONDA FIT
1.4L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Aug 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 03 Feb 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
WU57EMX
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · Cream
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 30 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Cream
Check History & Specs
WU57ENC
MOT Expired
BMW 5 SERIES
3.0L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 08 Aug 2023
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57ENE
MOT Valid
HONDA CR-V
2.0L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 30 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57ENF
MOT Valid
TOYOTA ALPHARD
3.0L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 03 Aug 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57ENH
MOT Valid
MITSUBISHI DELICA
2.4L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Nov 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Apr 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57ENJ
MOT Expired
MAZDA 8
2.3L · Petrol · Maroon
- First Used
- Jan 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Apr 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Maroon
Check History & Specs
WU57ENL
MOT Valid
TOYOTA ALPHARD
2.4L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 28 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57ENM
MOT Valid
TOYOTA ALPHRD AS PLATINUM AUTO
2.4L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 06 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57ENN
MOT Valid
CITROEN JUMPER
2.2L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Dec 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 25 Feb 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57ENO
MOT Valid
TOYOTA ALPHARD G MS PLATINUM SUNROOF AUTO
3.0L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 10 May 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
WU57ENP
MOT Valid
TOYOTA ALPHARD AS PLATINUM AUTO
2.4L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Jan 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57ENV
MOT Valid
BMW 1 SERIES
1.6L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Sep 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 19 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57ENW
MOT Valid
FORD FOCUS
1.6L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Feb 2010
- MOT Expiry
- 30 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57ENX
MOT Valid
NISSAN UNKNOWN
2.5L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Dec 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 21 Aug 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57ENY
MOT Valid
LAND ROVER DEFENDER
2.5L · Diesel · Silver
- First Used
- Feb 2021
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EOA
MOT Valid
HARLEY DAVIDSON FXSTBI
1.6L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Mar 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 19 Aug 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EOB
MOT Valid
VOLKSWAGEN CADDY
1.9L · Diesel · Black
- First Used
- Apr 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EOD
MOT Valid
HONDA CR-V
2.0L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 28 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
WU57EOE
MOT Expired
MERCEDES-BENZ SL
5.4L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 17 Apr 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EOF
MOT Valid
TOYOTA BLADE
2.4L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 20 Mar 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EOG
MOT Valid
HONDA STREAM
1.8L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Sep 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 24 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EOK
MOT Valid
HONDA S2000
2.0L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 12 Nov 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
WU57EOL
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 14 Dec 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EOM
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 28 Apr 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EOO
MOT Valid
HONDA CB1000
1.0L · Petrol · Green
- First Used
- Sep 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 07 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
WU57EOP
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 25 Jul 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EOR
MOT Valid
MERCEDES-BENZ C
1.8L · Petrol · Silver
- First Used
- Oct 2010
- MOT Expiry
- 04 Oct 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Silver
Check History & Specs
WU57EOS
MOT Expired
KAWASAKI KX
0.5L · Petrol · Green
- First Used
- Jan 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 22 Sep 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Green
Check History & Specs
WU57EOT
MOT Valid
NISSAN ELGRAND
2.5L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Feb 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 13 Sep 2026
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57EOV
MOT Expired
HARLEY DAVIDSON -
1.2L · Petrol · Black
- First Used
- Mar 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 14 Aug 2025
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Black
Check History & Specs
WU57ERS
MOT Expired
JAGUAR XE R-DYNAMIC SE BLACK D MHEV A
Diesel · Grey
- First Used
- Jul 2024
- MOT Expiry
- —
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Grey
Check History & Specs
WU57ETR
MOT Expired
ASTON MARTIN V8 VANTAGE
4.3L · Petrol · Blue
- First Used
- Jan 2008
- MOT Expiry
- 11 Dec 2024
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Blue
Check History & Specs
WU57EUB
MOT Valid
TOYOTA ALPHARD
2.4L · Petrol · White
- First Used
- Oct 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 05 Jun 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- White
Check History & Specs
WU57EUC
MOT Valid
KAWASAKI VN1600
1.6L · Petrol · Red
- First Used
- Oct 2007
- MOT Expiry
- 23 Feb 2027
- Tax Status
- —
- Color
- Red
Check History & Specs
Reliability & Common Problem Guides for WU57E Makes
Explore common mechanical faults, MOT advisory trends, and recall notices for popular vehicles in this registration batch:
Frequently Asked Questions about WU57E Plates
Where was the WU57E number plate series registered?
Vehicles starting with WU57E were assigned to the Bristol covering Bristol, South West. The first two letters (WU) identify the memory tag assigned by the DVLA.
What registration period is WU57E?
The WU57E age identifier corresponds to vehicles first registered between September 2007 to February 2008.
How can I check the MOT history of a WU57E vehicle?
Click any registration in the plate list above to view the complete DVSA inspection history, advisory alerts, mileage progression, road tax status, and our AI mechanical risk evaluation.