IsItAGoodCar
Batch Prefix Hub

BW18J Series Number Plates

UK vehicles registered in Birmingham, West Midlands during March 2018 to August 2018 with registration prefix BW18J.

Area Office
Birmingham (Birmingham, West Midlands)
Release Period
March 2018 to August 2018
Tracked in Batch
113 vehicles
MOT Pass Rate
88.6%

Popular Makes

FIAT 86.7% (98)
MAZDA 10.6% (12)
FORD 0.9% (1)
88.6%

Average MOT Pass Rate

Based on 517 historical tests

Common Colors

Grey34 vehicles
Red26 vehicles
Black21 vehicles

Active Plates in BW18J Series(113 of 113 displayed)

Filter by 6th Letter:
BW18JAO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JAU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
07 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JBE
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JBO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JBU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
08 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JBV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
01 Feb 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JBX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
04 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JBY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
15 Apr 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JBZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
01 Aug 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JCJ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
03 Nov 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JCO
TaxedMOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
Taxed
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JCU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
06 Nov 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JCV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JCW
MOT Valid

VAUXHALL CROSSLAND X ELITE NAV TURBO A

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Oct 2019
MOT Expiry
04 Nov 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JCY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JCZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
15 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JDF
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
22 Apr 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JDJ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
04 Jan 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JDK
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
02 Sep 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JDU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
08 Apr 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JDX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
05 Jun 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JDZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JEJ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
22 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JEU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
06 Apr 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JFA
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
03 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JFE
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
31 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JFG
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JFJ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JFK
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JFN
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
27 Nov 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JFO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
10 Mar 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JFU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
14 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JFV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
29 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JFX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
21 Jan 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JFY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
29 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JFZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
19 May 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JGF
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
25 Feb 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JGO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
06 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JGU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JGX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
21 Sep 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JGY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
07 Apr 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JGZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
24 Sep 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JHA
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
17 May 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JHE
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
26 Jan 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JHF
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
19 Mar 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JHH
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
27 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JHJ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
24 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JHK
MOT Expired

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2023
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JHL
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
16 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JHO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
09 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JHU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
06 May 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JHV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
03 Feb 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JHY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
03 May 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JHZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
19 Mar 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JJE
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
24 Apr 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JJK
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
26 Aug 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JJL
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
20 May 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JJO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
02 Nov 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JJU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
22 Jan 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JJV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JJX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
30 Sep 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JJY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
07 Apr 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JJZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JKE
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
11 Sep 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JKF
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
03 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JKJ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JKK
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Black

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
02 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Black
Check History & Specs
BW18JKN
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
03 Aug 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JKO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
14 May 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JKV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
31 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JKX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
27 May 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JKY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
19 Dec 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JKZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
19 Mar 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JLO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
08 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JLV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
30 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JMO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
15 Mar 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JMU
TaxedMOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · PETROL · WHITE

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
30 Apr 2027
Tax Status
Taxed
Color
WHITE
Check History & Specs
BW18JMW
MOT Valid

MG GS

1.5L · Petrol · Orange

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
24 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Orange
Check History & Specs
BW18JMX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JNF
MOT Valid

FIAT 500 LOUNGE

1.2L · Other · WHITE

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
07 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
WHITE
Check History & Specs
BW18JNK
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
16 Sep 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JNO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
17 Apr 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JNU
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
02 Apr 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JNX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
07 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JNZ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
13 May 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JOA
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Cream

First Used
Aug 2018
MOT Expiry
23 Sep 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Cream
Check History & Specs
BW18JOE
MOT Valid

FORD FIESTA

1.0L · Petrol · White

First Used
Mar 2018
MOT Expiry
25 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JOJ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
30 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JOV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
14 Mar 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JPO
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
10 Aug 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JPX
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
31 Mar 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JPY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
12 Mar 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JRV
MOT Valid

MAZDA 2

1.5L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
23 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JRX
MOT Valid

MAZDA MX-5

2.0L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
05 Apr 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JSU
MOT Valid

MAZDA cx-3

2.0L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
13 Jan 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JSX
MOT Valid

MAZDA MX-5

2.0L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
29 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JSZ
MOT Valid

MAZDA 2

1.5L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
29 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JTO
MOT Valid

MAZDA 2

1.5L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
29 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs
BW18JTU
MOT Valid

MAZDA cx-3

2.0L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
27 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JTX
MOT Valid

MAZDA MX-5

2.0L · Petrol · Blue

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
16 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JTY
MOT Valid

MAZDA MX-5

2.0L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
09 Aug 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JTZ
MOT Valid

MAZDA 3

2.0L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
20 Jul 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JUA
MOT Valid

MAZDA CX-5

2.2L · Diesel · Blue

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
21 May 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Blue
Check History & Specs
BW18JUC
MOT Valid

MAZDA cx-3

2.0L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
10 Dec 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JUJ
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
10 Oct 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JUK
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
02 Dec 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JUO
MOT Valid

FIAT TIPO

1.4L · Petrol · White

First Used
Aug 2018
MOT Expiry
25 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JUT
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
16 Sep 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JUU
MOT Valid

FIAT TIPO

1.4L · Petrol · Grey

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
03 Dec 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Grey
Check History & Specs
BW18JUV
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Aug 2018
MOT Expiry
14 Aug 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JUY
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Green

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
12 Nov 2026
Tax Status
—
Color
Green
Check History & Specs
BW18JVA
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · White

First Used
Jul 2018
MOT Expiry
18 Aug 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
White
Check History & Specs
BW18JVC
MOT Valid

FIAT 500

1.2L · Petrol · Red

First Used
Jun 2018
MOT Expiry
28 Jun 2027
Tax Status
—
Color
Red
Check History & Specs

Reliability & Common Problem Guides for BW18J Makes

Explore common mechanical faults, MOT advisory trends, and recall notices for popular vehicles in this registration batch:

FIAT Common ProblemsMAZDA Common ProblemsFORD Common Problems

Frequently Asked Questions about BW18J Plates

Where was the BW18J number plate series registered?

Vehicles starting with BW18J were assigned to the Birmingham covering Birmingham, West Midlands. The first two letters (BW) identify the memory tag assigned by the DVLA.

What registration period is BW18J?

The BW18J age identifier corresponds to vehicles first registered between March 2018 to August 2018.

How can I check the MOT history of a BW18J vehicle?

Click any registration in the plate list above to view the complete DVSA inspection history, advisory alerts, mileage progression, road tax status, and our AI mechanical risk evaluation.